A link between gum disease and heart disease has been established for some time, though until now it has been unclear what causes the connection. Health experts now believe it is bacteria entering the bloodstream through sore gums and depositing a clot-forming protein, which can increase the risk of heart attacks.
Scientists from the University of Bristol and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland suggest it is the Streptococcus bacterium that is causing the problem. Streptococcus is the bacteria responsible for causing gum disease and tooth plaque. Research shows that once it enters the bloodstream, it creates a protein known as PadA, which causes the platelets in the blood to stick together and clot. The platelets encase the bacteria, protecting it from the immune system and antibiotics that might be used to try and treat the infection.
Professor Howard Jenkinson, who led the research, said: ‘Unfortunately, as well as helping out the bacteria, platelet clumping can cause small blood clots, growth on the heart valves, or inflammation of blood vessels that can block the blood supply to the heart and brain.’
The British Dental Health Foundation has long reported on the systemic links between oral health and general health, including heart disease; and previous studies have suggested Preventella Intermedia and Tannerella Forsynthesis bacterium are also likely to increase the risk of heart attacks.
Chief executive of the foundation, Nigel Carter, said: ‘Although this research still needs further development, the research goes a long way in helping us to understand the link between gum and heart disease. Latest studies show 95 per cent of people will suffer some form of gum disease during their life, yet gum disease is preventable. By taking care of their teeth and gums thoroughly, people can protect themselves against oral health problems and more serious risks such as heart disease.’
To minimise the risks of gum disease, the foundation recommends maintaining good oral hygiene. Brushing teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste, cleaning in between teeth with interdental brushes or floss, cutting down how often sugary foods and drinks appear in the diet and visiting a dentist regularly are all parts of a good oral health routine.