Across the UK, 10,825 cases of mouth cancer are diagnosed each year. Despite this, many people are unaware of the leading causes and factors that put them at risk.
The Oral Health Foundation’s research, released during November 2024’s Mouth Cancer Action Month, has revealed that as few as eight per cent of the population know the main causes of mouth cancer.
The charity is concerned that this lack of awareness might lead many to believe they’re not at risk, making them less likely to reduce their chances or remain alert to the early warning signs.
Nigel Carter, chief executive of the Oral Health Foundation, has urged the public to be “be extra vigilant” and learn more about their risk factors.
Smoking
Smoking is linked to around 17 per cent of mouth cancers in the UK. This includes cigarettes, pipes and cigars.
Despite this, 38 per cent are unaware it can lead to mouth cancer.
Nigel said, “Tobacco use is a leading cause of mouth cancer. Quitting smoking or use of tobacco products can significantly reduce your risk. There are many resources available to help you quit smoking, including NHS smoking cessation services and local support groups.
“Regular dental check-ups are also crucial if you smoke. Your dental team can help you manage any oral diseases that have been caused by smoking and trained to spot anything more sinister if it arises.”
Smokeless tobacco
Smokeless and chewing tobacco can increase a person’s mouth cancer risk by up to four-and-a-half times. However, the charity’s research has shown that 40 per cent have failed to make the link between the two.
In the UK, smokeless tobacco use is most prevalent among South Asian communities, particularly those of Bangladeshi, Indian, and Pakistani origin.
Nigel said, “These products pose significant health risks and are often linked to cultural practices.
“If you use smokeless or chewing tobacco, it’s important to know that it's not a safer alternative to smoking. This misconception can be dangerous. To protect your oral health, try to quit these products and seek help from healthcare professionals. Regular dental check-ups, maintaining good oral hygiene, and using support services can make a big difference.”
Alcohol
Drinking alcohol excessively accounts for an estimated 34 per cent of mouth cancers. However, despite being one of the main causes, 58 per cent do not know the risks.
Nigel said, “Excessive alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for mouth cancer, yet awareness remains alarmingly low. Many people who drink heavily might not realise the serious impact it has on their oral health.
“To address this, we must ensure that information, education, and support services are accessible to everyone, especially those who face barriers to healthcare.”
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
HPV is a common virus that affects areas like the mouth, throat, and genitals. It's usually spread through intimate skin-to-skin contact. Most people with HPV don’t show any symptoms, and the infection often goes away on its own, but sometimes it can cause warts. For others, it can lead to cancers, such as cervical cancer and mouth cancer.
The number of mouth cancer cases linked to HPV has risen. Data shows that up to 73 per cent of cancers in areas like the back of the tongue and tonsils are HPV-positive. However, despite this growing connection, only eight per cent of people are aware of the link between HPV and mouth cancer.
Nigel said, "The HPV vaccine has been offered to girls in the UK since 2008 and to boys since 2019.
“I urge parents to ensure their children are vaccinated. It's the most effective form of protection and it is vital this happens before a person becomes sexually active.
"For those who are older and haven’t been vaccinated, it’s important to be mindful of the threat HPV poses. Being vigilant to any changes in and around the mouth is crucial. Remember, just because you don’t smoke or drink, it doesn’t mean you’re free from the risk of mouth cancer."
Diet and nutrition
A healthy diet plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of mouth cancer, yet only 33 per cent are aware of this connection.
Nigel said, "A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and essential nutrients can substantially reduce the risk of developing mouth cancer. It’s important to incorporate these elements into your daily routine for better overall health.”
Research has shown that consuming fruits regularly can lower your risk by 48 per cent while taking vitamin C supplements can reduce the risk by 24 per cent. Calcium supplements are another excellent choice, lowering the risk by 36 per cent. Caffeinated coffee, when consumed at four cups a day, can reduce your risk by 39 per cent. Similarly, drinking green tea can lower the risk by 20 per cent.
Nigel said, “By making small, consistent changes to your diet, you can significantly protect yourself against mouth cancer.
“Understanding the risks associated with mouth cancer is crucial for everyone. Take the time to learn about your own risk factors and make informed choices to reduce them. If you know you're at higher risk, be extra vigilant about changes in your mouth.
“Look out for mouth ulcers that don’t heal within three weeks, lumps or swellings, and red or white patches in the mouth. If you notice anything unusual, visit your doctor or dentist immediately. When it comes to mouth cancer, if in doubt, get checked out."
For more information visit www.mouthcancer.org