According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 60 per cent to 75 per cent of pregnant women have gingivitis due to hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy. Periodontal diseases can represent an inflammatory and microbial burden to the body that has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight.
Nicolaas Geurs, dean of the UAB School of Dentistry, said, “Through our study, we found that the treatment of gingivitis during pregnancy can reduce the risk of preterm birth. The main takeaway from this study is that those who are pregnant should keep plaque off their teeth, which can easily be done through good oral hygiene or brushing and flossing.”
The study was conducted among 750 pregnant women between eight and 24 weeks of pregnancy with moderate to severe gingivitis. Black women made up two-thirds of participants. Each participant received oral hygiene instructions and the items needed to maintain a good oral hygiene regimen, including a toothbrush, toothpaste and dental floss. Both groups of participants showed significant improvement in their oral health, which was shown by a decrease of bleeding sites compared to baseline levels.
Prenatal oral health
In addition to the at-home oral health care regimen, Nicolaas and his team also focused on a model of care that combines both oral and prenatal care. They conducted the study at obstetrics clinics located at two medical centres.
At those clinics, Nicolaas and his team trained the nurse-led staff on providing oral hygiene instructions to patients. They found that the integration of oral health and medicine also played a role in improving the oral health of pregnant women.
Hormonal changes throughout a woman’s life may negatively impact oral health.
“Oral health is critical for overall health,” Nicolaas said. “By working with the nursing staff and training them on how to provide oral hygiene instructions when a patient comes in for prenatal care, we found that we can make an impact on a patient’s overall health.”